mysql支持的分区类型包括Range、List、Hash、Key，其中Range比较常用：
RANGE分区：基于属于一个给定连续区间的列值，把多行分配给分区。
LIST分区：类似于按RANGE分区，区别在于LIST分区是基于列值匹配一个离散值集合中的某个值来进行选择。
HASH分区：基于用户定义的表达式的返回值来进行选择的分区，该表达式使用将要插入到表中的这些行的列值进行计算。这个函数可以包含MySQL 中有效的、产生非负整数值的任何表达式。
KEY分区：类似于按HASH分区，区别在于KEY分区只支持计算一列或多列，且MySQL服务器提供其自身的哈希函数。必须有一列或多列包含整数值。
实际操作
分区的字段必须是要包含在主键当中。
这时候分区的字段要么是主键，要么把分区字段加入到主键中，从而形成复合主键。
表如下
sys_api_log
sys_api_log_2020_02_11
sys_api_log_2020_02_19
sys_api_log_2020_03_05
sys_api_log_2020_03_17
sys_api_log_2020_04_08
sys_api_log_2020_04_18
sql如下, 把表名和字段换掉即可
分区的字段必须是要包含在主键当中。这时候分区的字段要么是主键，要么把分区字段加入到主键中，从而形成复合主键。
ALTER TABLE `sys_api_log`
MODIFY COLUMN `create_time` datetime NOT NULL,
DROP PRIMARY KEY,
ADD PRIMARY KEY (`id`, `create_time`);
ALTER TABLE `sys_api_log` PARTITION BY RANGE (to_days(create_time)) (
PARTITION `2020_01_01`VALUES LESS THAN (to_days('2020-01-01')),
PARTITION `2020_01_08`VALUES LESS THAN (to_days('2020-01-08')),
PARTITION `2020_01_15`VALUES LESS THAN (to_days('2020-01-15')),
PARTITION `2020_01_22`VALUES LESS THAN (to_days('2020-01-22')),
PARTITION `2020_01_29`VALUES LESS THAN (to_days('2020-01-29')),
PARTITION `2020_02_05`VALUES LESS THAN (to_days('2020-02-05')),
PARTITION `2020_02_12`VALUES LESS THAN (to_days('2020-02-12')),
PARTITION `2020_02_19`VALUES LESS THAN (to_days('2020-02-19')),
PARTITION `2020_02_26`VALUES LESS THAN (to_days('2020-02-26')),
PARTITION `2020_03_04`VALUES LESS THAN (to_days('2020-03-04')),
PARTITION `2020_03_11`VALUES LESS THAN (to_days('2020-03-11')),
PARTITION `2020_03_18`VALUES LESS THAN (to_days('2020-03-18')),
PARTITION `2020_03_25`VALUES LESS THAN (to_days('2020-03-25')),
PARTITION `2020_04_01`VALUES LESS THAN (to_days('2020-04-01')),
PARTITION `2020_04_08`VALUES LESS THAN (to_days('2020-04-08')),
PARTITION `2020_04_15`VALUES LESS THAN (to_days('2020-04-15')),
PARTITION `2020_04_22`VALUES LESS THAN (to_days('2020-04-22')),
PARTITION `2020_04_29`VALUES LESS THAN (to_days('2020-04-29')),
PARTITION `2020_05_06`VALUES LESS THAN (to_days('2020-05-06')),
PARTITION `2020_05_13`VALUES LESS THAN (to_days('2020-05-13')),
PARTITION `2020_05_20`VALUES LESS THAN (to_days('2020-05-20')),
PARTITION `2020_05_27`VALUES LESS THAN (to_days('2020-05-27')),
PARTITION `2020_06_03`VALUES LESS THAN (to_days('2020-06-03')),
PARTITION `2020_06_10`VALUES LESS THAN (to_days('2020-06-10')),
PARTITION `2020_06_17`VALUES LESS THAN (to_days('2020-06-17')),
PARTITION `2020_06_24`VALUES LESS THAN (to_days('2020-06-24')),
PARTITION `2020_07_01`VALUES LESS THAN (to_days('2020-07-01')),
PARTITION `2020_07_08`VALUES LESS THAN (to_days('2020-07-08')),
PARTITION `2020_07_15`VALUES LESS THAN (to_days('2020-07-15')),
PARTITION `2020_07_22`VALUES LESS THAN (to_days('2020-07-22')),
PARTITION `2020_07_29`VALUES LESS THAN (to_days('2020-07-29')),
PARTITION `2020_08_05`VALUES LESS THAN (to_days('2020-08-05')),
PARTITION `2020_08_12`VALUES LESS THAN (to_days('2020-08-12')),
PARTITION `2020_08_19`VALUES LESS THAN (to_days('2020-08-19')),
PARTITION `2020_08_26`VALUES LESS THAN (to_days('2020-08-26')),
PARTITION `2020_09_02`VALUES LESS THAN (to_days('2020-09-02')),
PARTITION `2020_09_09`VALUES LESS THAN (to_days('2020-09-09')),
PARTITION `2020_09_16`VALUES LESS THAN (to_days('2020-09-16')),
PARTITION `2020_09_23`VALUES LESS THAN (to_days('2020-09-23')),
PARTITION `2020_09_30`VALUES LESS THAN (to_days('2020-09-30')),
PARTITION `2020_10_07`VALUES LESS THAN (to_days('2020-10-07')),
PARTITION `2020_10_14`VALUES LESS THAN (to_days('2020-10-14')),
PARTITION `2020_10_21`VALUES LESS THAN (to_days('2020-10-21')),
PARTITION `2020_10_28`VALUES LESS THAN (to_days('2020-10-28')),
PARTITION `2020_11_04`VALUES LESS THAN (to_days('2020-11-04')),
PARTITION `2020_11_11`VALUES LESS THAN (to_days('2020-11-11')),
PARTITION `2020_11_18`VALUES LESS THAN (to_days('2020-11-18')),
PARTITION `2020_11_25`VALUES LESS THAN (to_days('2020-11-25')),
PARTITION `2020_12_02`VALUES LESS THAN (to_days('2020-12-02')),
PARTITION `2020_12_09`VALUES LESS THAN (to_days('2020-12-09')),
PARTITION `2020_12_16`VALUES LESS THAN (to_days('2020-12-16')),
PARTITION `2020_12_23`VALUES LESS THAN (to_days('2020-12-23')),
PARTITION `2020_12_30`VALUES LESS THAN (to_days('2020-12-30')),
PARTITION `max_value`VALUES LESS THAN MAXVALUE
)
执行前
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 25440 Apr 18 14:42 sys_api_log.frm
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 245760 Apr 18 14:43 sys_api_log.ibd
执行后
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 25440 Apr 18 14:42 sys_api_log.frm
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 245760 Apr 18 14:43 sys_api_log#P#2020_01_01.ibd
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 98304 Apr 18 14:43 sys_api_log#P#2020_01_08.ibd
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 98304 Apr 18 14:43 sys_api_log#P#2020_01_22.ibd
...省略
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 98304 Apr 18 14:43 sys_api_log#P#2020_12_16.ibd
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 98304 Apr 18 14:43 sys_api_log#P#2020_12_23.ibd
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 98304 Apr 18 14:43 sys_api_log#P#2020_12_30.ibd
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 98304 Apr 18 14:43 sys_api_log#P#max_value.ibd
